The difference between steel and pig iron:
The most fundamental difference between iron and steel is the carbon content, in theory, the carbon content of steel is less than 2.11%, its melting point is 1450-1500℃, and the melting point of pig iron is 1100-1200℃. In steel, with the increase of carbon content, its strength and hardness increase, while the plasticity and impact toughness decrease.
Why steel must be made: Pig iron is not widely available. High carbon content: no austenite at high temperature; Poor performance: hard and brittle, poor toughness, poor welding performance, can not be processed; Many impurities: S, P, high content of inclusions.
Definition of steelmaking: use oxidation method to remove impurities in pig iron and scrap steel, add appropriate alloying elements, so that it becomes a steel with high strength, toughness or other special properties, this process is called "steelmaking".
The "three removal" process of steelmaking is equipped with 4 300t KR desulfurization stations, 2 300t dephosphorization converter and 3 300t decarburization converter. Dephosphorization station and decarbonization station adopt "2+3" double-height span arrangement, which is convenient for "semi-steel" hot metal transfer; Refining is equipped with 2 300t double-station RH furnaces, 2 300t CAS furnaces and 1 300t LF furnace; Four double-flow slab continuous casting machines are used for continuous casting. Process features: The use of advanced "one can to the end", "all three" technology, 100% refining process of molten steel, casting machine high pulling speed, to create an efficient and fast-paced clean steel production platform.
Converter steelmaking technology
Mix molten iron with scrap steel, pour it into the converter and then blow oxygen, the furnace temperature rises to about 1600℃, the reaction in the furnace is very violent, like a volcanic eruption, the carbon and the main impurities are quickly burned off (manganese and silicon in the molten iron are oxidized, and the carbon in the molten iron is also oxidized into carbon dioxide). The whole process is only about 30 minutes, and no longer add any fuel, you can chain a furnace of steel, and even "negative energy steel" with this method of steel, the quality can be comparable to the open furnace steel, the time required is only 1/10 of the open furnace, the efficiency is very high. Converter steelmaking has become the main process of modern steel production. The quality of the product was further improved after the addition of off-furnace refining.
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